Saturday, December 21, 2013

Winter Solstice and History


Today is the day of Winter Solstice. This is a day that has been acknowledged for many a centuries and has been celebrated in many ways.  December 21, marks the occurrence of the beginning of days once again get longer. Believe it or not the word Solstice actually means “sun stands still”. In Latin “sol” stands for “sun” and “sistere” stands for “stand still”. This seems to be exactly what the sun does on the days of the solstices though in reality we know that this is really caused because of the shift on its axis by Earth. Regardless of why it happens and why we call it as we do we should still understand why this day was so important in history. Can you imagine what it was like to live in ancient times and struggle so bad every year to survive through the winter? I would say that it would be great cause to celebrate a day that marked the end of those days. These people realized that this day meant longer sunlight and warmer days were just ahead and rejoiced in the occasion.

The Romans celebrated this day as a seven day holiday. It was called The Saturnalia. They would perform ritual rites and sacrifices. Then there would be a huge banquet feast and later offerings to the god (Saturnalia) at the temple. There are witness accounts that say this was a great holiday for the people. It was said that they shared food and spent time with family and friends. They would exchange gifts as well. This day back then was actually on December 25. To me this sounds a bit like Christmas for us now.
Another way this day was marked and celebrated was by one of the biggest mysteries on Earth. Stonehenge is a circle of huge stones in southern England that no one knows for sure why they are there. What we do know however is that on the winter solstice at sunset the sun aligns perfectly with the center Altar Stone and the Slaughter Stone.  Some may agree that this was a place that ancients used to celebrate the event. Still, others might argue that this was a burial place, a soundscape, or a place of healing.

The Mayans were known to observe the stars and of course this day as well. In Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is a place called Chichen Itza. Thought the city is old and in ruins, many of the buildings still stand. One of these buildings is called El Castillo. This is a pyramid with steps on all four sides. It is said that this building was to relate to the Mayan calendar because the total number of steps on this pyramid equal 364. The step taken to enter the temple would then total to 365 and that the total number of days in a year. On the day of winter solstice, the sun rises and enters a hole at the top of the building creating a starburst effect inside. Also as the sun rises it seems to climb up one side of the temple and stop for a bit at the top. Then it seems to climb back down the other side.

There is a burial mound in Newgrange Ireland that seems to have something to do with this day as well. Inside this mound there are tunnels leading to main chambers. Outside it has a grass roof and looks as if it comes from the ground. What makes this place unique is the fact that when the sun rises on the winter solstice, the main chambers are filled with sunlight.
There are many traditions that we still celebrate today that many think or know derive from celebrations of this day in history. Christmas is celebrated with sharing time with family and friends as Romans and a few other cultures did in history. We also like to string lights on trees and sit by a cozy fire. These things were the common way to get through the dark and cold winters when these people lived. The used candles and fire to survive and so we get the idea of Christmas. Going with that thought we can look to Hanukkah or “festival of lights”. Some might think that this is a good interpretation of celebrating the slow return of sunlight. The Yule Log is another example of traditions used to celebrate this day for some that still exists today.

Links you may enjoy:

Roman Feast
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/saturnalia.html

Stonehenge
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/

Mayan Temple
http://chichenitza.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16&Itemid=17

Ireland Mound
http://www.newgrange.com/

Christmas Traditions
http://ascension-research.org/Origins_of_Christmas_are_Ancient_and_Sacred.html


Hanukkah Traditions
http://www.history.com/topics/hanukkah
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Hanukkah.shtml

Yuletide Traditions
http://wicca.com/celtic/akasha/yule.htm
http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice-customs.html

Video Links you may enjoy:

AMERICA UNEARTHED offers a some episodes that take you to a few places I mentioned above. Stonehenge and the burial mound in Newgrange Ireland are included. I love this show by the way so maybe you can check them all out.
http://www.history.com/shows/america-unearthed/videos

 
Credits for pictures used:
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap071222.html




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